YUSUF XOS HOJIBNING “QUTADG‘U BILIG” ASARIDA YOSHLARDA GENDER MADANIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH MASALALARI

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1. in his language. Therefore, today, Uzbekistan needs to use this rich past to combat everything that was erased during the Soviet era
2. The Development of Science Between with Ahmad al-Farghani Like Mahmud al-Kashgari and Yusuf Khass Hajib, Ahmad al-Farghani—a Turkic astronomer—shone as a beacon of knowledge in Central Asia, turning Turkestan into a scientific hub (Kahya, 2002:171). Kahya (2002:170) writes that: “Farghani worked on the construction of an astronomical instrument called the new Nilometer, also known as al-Mikyās al- Kabīr (the Great Nilometer).” Farghani explained the movements of the Sun, Moon, and other celestial bodies, significantly advancing astronomy. His Compendium of Astronomy was considered a model textbook in Europe until the 15th century and was repeatedly translated. His work contributed to correcting the astronomical values of Claudius Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer of the 1st century. For example, he challenged Ptolemy’s claim that the solar ecliptic was fixed and argued that the solar apogee moved along with the fixed stars (Abgrall, 2013: 14). In his honor, a lunar crater was named Alfraganus. Another key figure from this era was Al-Biruni, a polymath who made significant contributions to astronomy, mathematics, geography, and natural sciences. He is best known for works such as Kitab al-Hind and Tahdid Nihayat al- Amakin. Influenced by Greek philosophers like Aristotle, Archimedes, and Democritus, Al-Biruni began his scientific studies at the age of 17. He calculated the height of the Sun and the longitude of cities, determined the onset of seasons based on solar movements, and measured the Earth’s circumference with remarkable accuracy. Considered the founder of geodesy, he argued that trigonometry should be treated as a separate field from astronomy and proposed using the radius as a unit in trigonometric functions. Al-Biruni also developed numerous instruments for astronomical and geographical measurements (Özcan, 2013: 20). Discussions and Conclusion The first revival, including Yusuf Khass Hajib, Mahmud al-Kashgari, Ahmad al-Farghani, emerged as a key figure who, thanks to their intellectual talent, opened a new chapter in the history of Karluk and, more broadly, in Turkic history. Their commitment to linguistic development joins the efforts of Emir Timur, Alisher Navoi and others who elevated Jaghatai to the status of an official and literary language. Even today, the Uzbek government recognizes its literary heritage and organizes national and international conferences to celebrate and promote its past. Yusuf Khass Hajib and Mahmud al-Kashgari’s philosophical legacy plays a crucial role in the spiritual and cultural rebirth of New Uzbekistan. This heritage can significantly contribute to Uzbekistan’s future cultural and intellectual development. During the country’s “Third Renaissance” era, it has the potential to become a center of Turkic-Islamic civilization through its ongoing and future projects. For a nation’s spiritual and cultural revival, it is essential to look back at history. Without understanding history, shaping the future becomes more challenging. Integrating Yusuf Khass Hajib, Mahmud al-Kashgari, Ahmad al- Farghani’s teachings into Uzbekistan’s educational and cultural policies would have a positive societal impact. Bibliography 1. Abgrall, P. (2013). Une étude comparative des principes de la projection de la sphère: Ptolémée, al-Farghani, al-Quhi. 2. Banarlı, N. S. (1971). Resimli Türk edebiyatı tarihi. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. 3. Davidovich, E. A. (1998). The Karakhanids. History of civilizations of Central Asia, 4, 119-144
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